MN Fruit & Vegetable IPM News - Vol. 4, No. 2

Codling moth (CM) is an introduced pest of apple in North America. It has 2 to 3 adult generations in Minnesota (May to September). Other hosts include crabapple and pear. The adult moth is grayish with a chocolate-brown patch and some bronze metallic scales at the tip of each forewing. Body length is about 9 mm with a wingspan of 20 mm. The eggs are laid singly on fruit or on the upper leaf surface. Larva is a pinkish-white caterpillar with a brown head capsule. Body length is about 15 mm when mature. Larvae feed inside the fruit and on the seeds. CM overwinter as mature larvae. Pupa is brown and about 13 mm long. Overwintering larvae and pupae are usually found in cocoons under loose bark. Fruit injury is in the form of a sting or a deep entry.

In Minnesota, there are at least two different moths that may be captured in traps and confused with CM: eyespotted bud moth (EBM), and Proteoteras sp.

EBM is smaller (body length about 6 mm with a wingspan of 14 mm long) than CM. There is a gray-white band in the middle section of the front wing. EBM is an introduced minor pest of apple.

Proteoteras is also smaller (body length about 8 mm with a wingspan of 18 mm long) than CM. It can be differentiated from CM by the tufts of scales on the front wing. Proteoteras is not considered an apple pest.

During this past year, the MDA worked with Dr. Emily Hoover and Harpartap Mann at the University of Minnesota to analyze apple insect trap data collected by the MDA from 2000-2005. Weekly insect flight activity was monitored at twenty-five locations in Minnesota using pheromone baited traps. Insect flight activity data was graphically summarized using SPSS statistical analysis software (SPSS Inc. Chicago IL). Insect flight activity was modeled on degree day data and models of insect incidence thus created for Minnesota were compared to published degree day models from Michigan and other eastern states. Below are the results for codling moth.

Codling Moth – Flight Activity
	Peak I		Peak II
	Mean DD	SE	Mean DD	SE
Minnesota	585	±30	1711	±30
Michigan	500		1600
Mean of degree days corresponding to peak of Codling Moth flight activity in Minnesota. Degree days calculated with base temperature of 50 °F

Information on codling moth management is available in: MDA’s IPM Manual for MN Apple Orchards (Pages 16-18)

Information on the biology of the Codling moth is available in: MDA’s Field Guide for Identification of Pest Insects, Diseases, and Beneficial Organisms in Minnesota Apple Orchards

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Co-Editors: Bill Hutchison (hutch002@umn.edu), Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Jeanne Ciborowski, Minnesota Department of Agriculture, Ag. Resources Management and Development Division, and Suzanne Wold-Burkness (woldx018@umn.edu), Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota

The Newsletter is published weekly from May through August, cooperatively, by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) and the University of Minnesota (U of MN). Reports are posted on the U of MN and MDA web sites on Fridays. If you have suggestions and/or comments, please send your contributions by 4 p.m., Wednesday to Jeanne Ciborowski, 651-201-6217, jeanne.ciborowski@state.mn.us , MDA, 625 Robert St. North, St. Paul, MN 55155. You can access the Newsletter at the U of MN web site in htm format at: www.vegedge.umn.edu/MNFruit&VegNews/mnindex.htm and at the MDA web site in pdf format at: www.mda.state.mn.us/plants/pestmanagement/ipm/ipmnews.htm

Partial funding for this publication is provided through partnership agreements with the Minnesota Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association (MFVGA) and the United States Department of Agriculture – Risk Management Agency (RMA). These institutions are equal opportunity providers.

DISCLAIMER

Reference to products in this publication is not intended to be an endorsement to the exclusion of others which may have similar uses. Any person using products listed in this publication assumes full responsibility for their use in accordance with current manufacturer directions.

Last Revised May, 2007 by woldx018@umn.edu
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Apple Pest Focus: Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella) and Its Look Alikes

Apple Pest Focus: **Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella) and Its Look Alikes**